Canadian Biomaterials Society
Société Canadienne des Biomatériaux

Injectable hydrogels for cartilage tissue engineering: key design needs toward clinical applications

Journal: Academia
Authors: Alma Tamunonengiofori Banigo - Alex Nwekwo
Bram Zoetebier
Marcel Karperien

This article reviews injectable hydrogels and their unique properties such as the ability to fill irregular defect sites and support cellular
activities. Injectable hydrogels have become invaluable tools for creating three-dimensional (3D) cell-laden scaffolds in cartilage tissue
engineering (CTE). This review centers on the design requirements and clinical applications of injectable hydrogels in this domain. We
begin by examining material selection, emphasizing the importance of biocompatibility and mechanical properties crucial for
successful CTE. Various cross-linking mechanisms are explored, highlighting enzymatic and chemical methods that ensure the stability
and functionality of the hydrogels. The review then delves into specific applications of injectable hydrogels in CTE, demonstrating their
ability to support chondrocyte function and facilitate extracellular matrix formation. Current clinical trials and commercially available
products are underscored, showcasing the progress and potential of these hydrogels in clinical settings. Notable examples include
hydrogels utilized for articular cartilage repair and those combined with growth factors to enhance tissue regeneration. Future
perspectives for injectable hydrogels in CTE highlight the need for improved mechanical strength, longevity, and better integration
with host tissues. Advancements in hydrogel formulations, including the incorporation of bioactive molecules and stimuli-responsive
systems, are crucial for further progress in the field. In conclusion, injectable hydrogels represent a versatile and promising approach
for CTE. By addressing specific design needs and leveraging advanced production techniques, these hydrogels have the potential to
significantly impact clinical applications, offering effective solutions for tissue repair and regeneration.

Year: 2025

Volume: 3

PP: 1